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While researching and writing my PhD dissertation in the late 1990s, I finally got around to reading Rudolf Otto's 1923 classic The Idea of the Holy. In this book, Otto explores the human experience of the "numinous"—the "non-rational" side of religious experience that cannot be adequately captured in words yet seeks expression through religious ritual and symbol.
Otto describes the numinous with the Latin word mysterium, adding two adjectives: tremendum and fascinans. It is a mystery that excites both fear and fascination in the human heart, a simultaneous mixture of repulsion and attraction. On the tremendum side, one might think of a passage like Proverbs 9:10: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," or Moses hiding his face before the burning bush, "afraid to look at God" (Exodus 3:6).
However, as my colleague Nik Ansell often reminds me, Proverbs 9:10 does not say fear of the Lord is the end of wisdom—only the beginning. What kind of beginning? Nik suggests reading it as: "Facing the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." Think of Moses again: Though afraid, he still approached the burning bush to receive God's liberating revelation. He did not flee this tremendous divine manifestation—this "strange sight" of a bush aflame that was yet not consumed. No, when God called to him from out of the bush he simply answered, "here I am" (Exodus 3:4).
Here, Otto's fascinans makes its entrance—the attraction that accompanies the fear. With this attraction in mind, we can read Proverbs 9:10 as inviting us to travel a special kind of path, a path toward knowing and eventually even befriending God. It is a path that takes us from the fear we quite appropriately experienced at the beginning of our sojourn—when we first met God as a terrifying, fascinating stranger—to something more fulfilled and complete.
This fascination or attraction encourages us to face our initial fears, rather than turn away from them. Through the fascinans, we discern a divine call leading us toward agape—a love that, in its fullness (teleia agape), leaves no room for fear (1 John 4:18). This is how I have come to hear the powerful message of 1 John 4: Leaning into the God who is love (1 John 4:8), we find our fears dissipating. How? By loving one another. "If we love one another, God lives in us, and his love is perfected in us" (1 John 4:12).
Alas, friends, my fears all too often gnaw and persist despite my desire to travel this path, which tells me that God's love is not yet perfected in me. We all have fears. We are human, how could we not? The question is: what do we do with them? Do we face them, even befriend them, transforming our relationship to them? Or do we flee them, allowing them to continue to pursue us?
When faced with a dilemma like this, the Gospel's message is clear: lean into love. Loving one another simply is how we confront fear. It is how we embrace the uncertainty in which, as Peter Gabriel sings in That Voice Again, "we are naked and alive." It requires vulnerability. It calls us to respond with compassion, to offer a cup of cold water to the thirsty. Let this instinct, this desire to love, finally, speak louder than all the fears that constantly surround it.
Shalom,
Ronald A. Kuipers
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